4+Investing

**What are Bonds?**



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2 year $5k @ 5% Interest per year Total interest

1 year $10k fv 6%, sold at 98
 * What did you pay for this bond? **
 * Interest **
 * Yield **

1 year $5k 5.25%, sold at 94
 * What did you pay for this bond? **
 * Interest **
 * Yield **

1 year $5k 5.25% sold at 103
 * What did you pay for this bond? **
 * Interest **
 * Yield **

Corporate Bond: $50k 7.75% 1 year
 * Interest **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Tax on Interest (30%) **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Net Interest **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Government Bond: $50k 6.25% 1 year
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Interest **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Tax **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Net **

=Stocks=

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=How to Interpret a Stock Quote=

<span style="color: #353535; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 28px;">The Layout
<span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">Stock quotes follow a similar format whether you’re using Yahoo! Finance or you’ve gone old-school and picked up the morning paper: certain pieces of information are always included.

<span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">At the top of the quote is the **name** of the company being traded as well as the stock’s **ticker symbol**. <span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">The numbers making up a stock quote are divided into two columns: the left-hand column focuses more on the basic facts while the right hand side reflects a little more analysis. <span style="color: #353535; display: block; font-family: Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 14px;"> <span class="_1ZGyy" style="color: #c1c1c1; font-family: Muli,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 10px;">ADVERTISING

<span style="color: #353535; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 28px;">Last Trade
<span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">Whenever you want to know the current price of a stock, you want to know the last trade. This number reflects the last price that a single share of this particular stock sold at. It can change in an instant: it’s set by buyers and sellers trading the stock for whatever they think it’s worth right now. <span style="color: #353535; display: block; font-family: Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 14px;">

Trade Time
<span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">Knowing the last trade price may not be so useful if that price is actually out of date. The trade time tells you whether you should really rely on that last trade price — it’s the time that last trade took place — or if you should go out and get an update. It’s common for a trade time to lag a few minutes behind your actual time, especially online.

<span style="color: #353535; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 28px;">Change
<span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">Change just indicates the difference between what the last trade price is and what the price before that was. I don’t find this a particularly useful indicator of a stock’s performance, as it only tells you what a stock did in the last two minutes and ignores the entire history of the company beyond that.

<span style="color: #353535; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 28px;">Prev. Close
<span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">Another limited indicator of a stock’s performance, the previous close is the price that the last share of stock sold yesterday (or the last day of trading) sold at. It’s only one sale in a 24-hour period, limiting how big of a picture it can provide you.

<span style="color: #353535; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 28px;">Open
<span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">The open is the price of the first share of stock sold today.

<span style="color: #353535; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 28px;">Bid & Ask
<span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">It’s common to see both the bid and ask sections of a stock quote blank, or listed as ‘N/A’. A **bid** is the highest price that a principle brokerage firm has announced it’s willing to pay for a share of a specific stock at a specific time. The **ask** is the opposite: it’s the lowest price that a firm has said it’s willing to sell a particular stock at.

<span style="color: #353535; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 28px;">1y Target Est
<span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">The one-year target estimate is an analyst’s projection of what the price for a single share of this stock one year from today. But because of all the variables in the market, these projections can vary extremely between analysts. I wouldn’t bet the house on a one-year target estimate.

<span style="color: #353535; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 28px;">Day’s Range
<span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">Rather than relying on a single share to give you an idea of what a stock is doing now, the day’s range gives you the range that a stock’s price has varied by over the course of the day.

<span style="color: #353535; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 28px;">52wk Range
<span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">The 52 week range is practically the same as the day’s range: it’s just the range of prices a stock has sold for over the course of the last year. In a volatile market, the day’s range can actually offer better information than the 52 week range because drops and rallies can make it harder to tell what a realistic range for a given stock looks like. <span style="color: #353535; display: block; font-family: Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 14px;"> <span class="_1ZGyy" style="color: #c1c1c1; font-family: Muli,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 10px;">ADVERTISING

<span style="color: #353535; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 28px;">Volume
<span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">A stock’s volume reflects the total number of shares of that stock that have been traded throughout a single day. If a stock is particularly active, it’s worth checking into why: bad news could have lead investors to unload a particular stock, while good news could send every investor looking for a few shares.

<span style="color: #353535; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 28px;">Avg Vol (3m)
<span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">The average volume over the past three months of a stock is often fairly similar to the stock’s volume over the past day. Knowing the average volume can help you decide when the daily volume is active enough to warrant notice.

<span style="color: #353535; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 28px;">Market Cap
<span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">Market capitalization estimates the total dollar value of the company whose stock is being traded. It’s determined by multiplying the total number of shares by the last trade.

<span style="color: #353535; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 28px;">Beta
<span style="color: #575756; font-family: "Pt serif",Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">Less than 1 = less volatile than the market; Greater than 1 = more volatile than market. For example, if a stock's beta is 1.2, it's theoretically 20% more volatile than the market.

<span style="color: #353535; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 28px;">P/E
<span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">Price to earnings ratio reflects the relationship between the price per share and the income earned per share by the company in which the shares are held. A higher P/E points to a more expensive stock, relatively speaking, because an investor pays more per unit of income.

<span style="color: #353535; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 28px;">EPS
<span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">Earnings per share is the amount of money that you would have earned if you purchased a share of this stock last quarter and sold it today. It’s a useful indicator of how a stock will do if you plan to sell it in the short term, but if you’re planning to hold it long-term, the EPS is less of a concern. <span style="color: #353535; display: block; font-family: Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 14px;"> <span class="_1ZGyy" style="color: #c1c1c1; font-family: Muli,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 10px;">ADVERTISING

<span style="color: #353535; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,San-serif; font-size: 28px;">Div & Yield
<span style="color: #575756; font-family: &#39;Pt serif&#39;,Georgia,serif; font-size: 19px;">If you’re looking to turn a profit on stocks, the dividend and yield are probably the first places you look. The dividend is the payment the company pays to shareholders based on its profits. The yield is the dividend expressed as a percentage of the price per share. And while a high dividend is good, an extremely high yield definitely isn’t: extremely high yields can point to a company in some financial trouble.

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**Get started researching company stocks**

**Stock Market Project** media type="youtube" key="cgpT79xE5AU" width="560" height="315" == media type="youtube" key="JXLtowtQ0pI" width="560" height="315"
 * You will have $100,000 to purchase stocks. **You must spend all of it** (or as close as you can); you may spend more (margin).
 * Stocks listed on the NYSE, AMEX, or NASDAQ may be purchased. A commission of $20 will be added to each buy/sell transaction.
 * For each company that you buy, you must complete a Company Information Sheet. The idea is that you must do some research on a company before buying its stock; the important part is that you can justify why the stock would be attractive to purchase.

==
 * Create an Exel spreadsheet that summarizes all of your holdings. From this spreadsheet, you will create a line chart that plots the movement of each company.

= =
 * Once per week, you must record the value of each stock on the second tab of the spreadsheet. Next to the table of the values, create a line graph showing the stock's trend (see example on the spreadsheet)
 * Each week, record the closing value of the NYSE on a Dow Jones Industrial Average Chart. On your spreadsheet, do this //**on the third tab;**// create a line chart to show the Dow's trend.
 * Stocks trading for less than $5 ("penny stocks" whose values may fluctuate widely) may not be purchased.
 * A minimum of five companies must be purchased in week one, and you must maintain at least five companies throughout the duration of the project. You may not hold more than 10 companies at any time.
 * Each purchase or sale must be for at least $10,000 per company. The exception to this is if you want to sell all the shares you own in a company, and the total value you have invested in the company has decreased to less than $10,000.
 * You may not invest more than 50% of your portfolio into any one company.
 * Consider buying on margin; you can boost your purchasing power. You can borrow additional cash up to 50% of the equity in your portfolio. You will be charged 8% interest in your margin account. You are not required to buy on margin-it's an option that you might want to try, since this is a short term project.
 * During the project, you do not have to sell all the shares you own in a company. For example, if you own 1,000 shares, you could sell 500, but remember the $10,000 rule.
 * At least one new company must be purchased every week; one company (or part of it) must also be sold every week (but, remember the $10,000 rule). Make sure that you complete a Company Information Sheet for new stock that you buy, as well as entering the new company on your spreadsheet.
 * When you buy or sell a company in Weeks 2-4, make a notation on your spreadsheet. Note either "bought" or "sold" next to the price.
 * Dividends affect investments, but for this project, none will be paid, so you don't have to concern yourself with them.

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The final package must include the following, arranged and bound in this order:
= = You will be graded on the accuracy of your records, not on how much money you make; however… = = The investor who holds the largest portfolio at the end will reap 20 bonus points. The investor who holds the smallest portfolio at the end will reap 10 pity points. Each investor who manages to finish ahead of Mr. K will garner 5 bonus points media type="youtube" key="iwBhAgVqxqw" width="560" height="315" <span style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #5c5c5c; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Roboto,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Register to howthemarketworks.com and once you log-in, go to Join Contests, and look up your contest: **<span style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #5c5c5c; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Roboto,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">MRKPFF2018 **<span style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #5c5c5c; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Roboto,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> via the search bar. <span style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #00478f; font-family: Roboto,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Roboto,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">[]
 * A cover sheet consisting of the words "Stock Market Project," your name, and the encompassing dates
 * A picture or graphic
 * A one page essay (double spaced) that summarizes and reflects on how you did
 * An Information Sheet for each company purchased and held for any period during the project
 * A chart for each company purchased and held for any period during the project
 * A DJIA Chart
 * A completed Excel Spreadsheet that summarizes each week of buying/selling activity

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; vertical-align: baseline;">Here are the trading parameters established for this trading session.

Remember: You must log out after each visit.
 * Contest Name: || MRKPFF2018 ||
 * Group Type: || High School Class/Club ||
 * Description: || PFF Stock Market Project ||
 * Currency: || United States Dollar ||
 * Initial Cash Balance: || 100,000.00 ||
 * Registration Start/End Dates: || Dec 19, 2016 ||
 * Registration Start/End Dates: || Jan 06, 2017 ||
 * Trading Period Start/End Dates: || Jan 04, 2017 ||
 * Trading Period Start/End Dates: || Apr 01, 2017 ||
 * Public or Private Classroom: || Public ||
 * Minimum Stock Price for Buying: || 5.00 ||
 * Minimum Stock Price for Shorting: || 5.00 ||
 * Allow Buying on Margin: || Yes ||
 * Allow Short Selling: || No ||
 * Allow Day Trading: || No ||
 * U.S. Stocks/ETFs || Yes ||
 * U.S. OTCBB Stocks || No ||
 * U.S. Mutual Funds || No ||
 * Commission Cost for Stocks: || 20.00 ||
 * Position Limit for Stocks: || 50 ||
 * Commission Cost for Stocks: || 20.00 ||
 * Position Limit for Stocks: || 50 ||
 * Position Limit for Stocks: || 50 ||
 * Position Limit for Stocks: || 50 ||

= = =<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Mutual Funds = = = media type="youtube" key="TPS22HRRY1k" width="560" height="315" = =

= = media type="custom" key="21882404" = =

= = [|Vanguard Mutual Funds] = = = =

Retirement Saving
Differences between IRA, 401(k), 403(b), SEP, Roth IRA

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 * Depends on Employer, Age, Income
 * Here is a [|nice Article] that explains the differences between many of the retirement plans
 * Here is a good summary of [|retirement planning for 20-somethings]

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.4em;">**Other Investments**
= =

Real Estate
[|Buy land or property] Purchase a [|REIT Mutual Fund]

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Precious Metals
[|Gold] [|Silver] [|Platinum] [|Palladium]

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Gemstones
[|Diamonds, Rubies, Sapphires, Emeralds, etc.]

**Collectibles**

Inverted Jenny: on May 31, 2016, a particularly well-centered Jenny invert, graded XF-superb 95 by Professional Stamp Experts, was sold for at a Siegel Auction for a hammer price of $1,175,000. The addition of a 15% buyer’s premium raised the total record high price paid for this copy to $1,351,250.

On May 31, 2016, a particularly well-centered Jenny invert, graded XF-superb 95 by Professional Stamp Experts, was sold for at a Siegel Auction for a hammer price of $1,175,000 [|[5]] The addition of a 15% buyer’s premium raised the total record high price paid for this copy to $1,351,250.

Honus Wagner baseball card: In February 2007, the card was sold privately to an anonymous collector for $2.35 million. Less than six months later, the card was sold to another anonymous collector for $2.8 million. In April 2011, that anonymous purchaser was revealed to be the owner of the Arizona Diamondbacks.

Please conduct research and answer the following questions:

<span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 4918.5px; width: 1px;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.16px; color: #111111; font-family: "Source Sans Pro",sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">current stock price of a company divided by its <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.16px; background-color: #ffffff; color: #005b9d; font-family: "Source Sans Pro",sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">[|earnings per share]
 * 1) What is a troy ounce compared to a standard ounce?
 * 2) What is the current price of
 * 3) Gold?
 * 4) Silver?
 * 5) Platinum?
 * 6) Palladium?
 * 7) Find a rare coin for sale
 * 8) Describe the coin
 * 9) What is its value?
 * 10) Find a rare stamp for sale
 * 11) Describe the stamp
 * 12) What is it's value?
 * 13) Find something signed (authentic) by Minnesota Viking sensation Adam Thielen
 * 14) Describe the article
 * 15) What is its value?